Since its discovery in 1986, NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa B) transcription factor has aroused a wide interest in its unusual regulation, diverse stimuli that activate it, and its apparent involvement in a variety of human diseases, including atherosclerosis, asthma, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, AIDS, inflammatory diseases, etc. NF-kB belongs to the REL-family of pluriprotein transcription activators. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and diabetes mellitus.