A number of studies have already demonstrated that blockade of the PD-L1:PD-1 interaction in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and melanoma leads to improved outcomes27, 28, and anti-PD-1 antibodies have been FDA approved for the treatment of melanoma29, 30, 31. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.