Dairy foods, such as milk, yogurt, and cheese, contain a food matrix rich in high quality proteins, calcium, magnesium, potassium, trans-palmitoleic fatty acids, low-glycemic-index sugars, and oligosaccharides which have all been shown to have beneficial effects on aspects of glucose control, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and/or T2DM risk [86,98,111,112]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.