Also in a model of hepatocellular carcinoma; hypoxia induced HMGB1 with released mitochondrial DNA lead to the activation of TLR9-mediated tumor growth.34 On the contrary, TLR9 is downregulated in a several viral and non-induced cancers and that different oncoviruses.19, 23, 24, 25, 33, 35, 36, 37. Here, HMGB1 is linked to cancer.