Six targeted agents for the treatment of advanced RCC are now approved and in clinical use: the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) - sunitinib and pazopanib, the multikinase inhibitor - sorafenib, the anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody - bevacizumab, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors - temsirolimus and everolimus. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.