Our recent studies reveal several non-apoptosis-related functions of XIAP, including upregulation of Cyclin D1, which promotes bladder cancer cell growth [14] and promotion of F-actin formation and colon cancer cell invasion [15] via inhibition of SUMOlation of RhoGDIα (Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1) at lys-138 [16]. Here, XIAP is linked to urinary bladder cancer.