NRAS and melanoma: Approximately 50% of melanoma patients harbour activating mutations in the v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) protein, most commonly BRAFV600E, resulting in MAPK pathway activation, while another 15–20% of patients possess mutations in neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog (NRAS), activating both the MAPK and PI3K pathways [1, 4].