Given that i) regulatory immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) and granulocytes expand in response to elevated IL-7 levels [24,25] and ii) non-hematopoietic cells such as fibroblasts and intestinal epithelial cells express functional IL-7 receptors (IL-7R) [12,26], we hypothesized that IL-7R+ host cells might modulate anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses. Here, IL7R is linked to neoplasm.