Reaches the portal vein and is subsequently taken up by the liverIntestinal effects Is a minor energy source for the colon epithelial cells Decreases the pH of the colon (which decreases bile salt solubility, increases mineral absorption, decreases ammonia absorption, and inhibits growth of pathogens) Prevents proliferation and induces apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells Interacts with the immune system Has anti-inflammatory effectsOther effects Promotes satiety Lowers blood cholesterol levels Decreases liver lipogenesis Improves insulin sensitivity. This evidence concerns the gene INS and colorectal cancer.