AKT1 and ischemia: These results are in accord with previous studies carried out by Quintieri et al. (2013) who showed that malvidin is able to increase Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and to activate phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-K)/NO/cGMP/PKG pathway in cardiac extracts, eliciting cardioprotection against ischemia/RE damage (Quintieri et al., 2013).