CD40LG and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Our results indicate that participants in quartile 1 (lowest P1-IgM levels) had an odds ratio of 5.8 (p = 0.01, confidence interval: 1.209–27.818), indicating an increased likelihood of NAFLD with decreasing P1-IgM levels, independent of age, gender, BMI, and total IgM levels (Fig. 3d, Table 3).