CD40LG and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In line with previous reported findings, total and OSE-specific IgG antibodies were increased in patients with hepatitis C compared to healthy controls [42–45], indicative of an increased immune response towards oxidative lipids in hepatitis C. Moreover, in contrast to our findings in NAFLD, IgM titers towards P1 are increased in patients with hepatitis C compared to controls.