The objective of the present study was to investigate whether serum samples from Italian patients affected by MS, other inflammatory diseases (OIND), non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NIND) and healthy subjects (HS) (i) carry SV40-antibodies, (ii) present different levels of soluble HLA-G molecules, (iii) the existence of an association between SV40-antobody prevalence and sHLA-G levels. Here, HLA-G is linked to myeloid sarcoma.