That NLRP3 is a main target of PPI action is supported by the strong inhibition of IL-1β secretion by monocytes from CAPS patients, carrying hypersensitive NLRP3 mutations, suggesting the potential use of PPIs also for the treatment of autoinflammatory syndromes.27 Unlike the recently described NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950,43 PPIs have a wider anti-inflammatory activity as they also inhibit TNF-α secretion, by decreasing its mRNA levels. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome.