The functions of IFN-γ and IP-10 are to promote Th1 differentiation and to attract these cells to the inflammation site, respectively.47, 48 Th1-related cells and cytokines were previously shown to represent a favorable prognostic sign in human CRC initiation.49 The decreased IFN-γ and IP-10 levels in distal colon homogenates might also suggest that the anticancer Th1 response may be reduced in GrzM-deficient mice. Here, IFNG is linked to colorectal carcinoma.