Specific deletion of the RNA processing enzyme Dicer1 under the regulatory elements of Osterix, a gene required for osteoblastic differentiation—but not in mature osteoblasts, targeted by the regulatory elements of Osteocalcin promoter—did not only impair osteoblast differentiation, but was also found to cause a myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by dysplastic morphology, lymphoid-deficient hematopoiesis and increased HSPC proliferation and apoptosis. This evidence concerns the gene DICER1 and myelodysplastic syndrome.