RAN and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In contrast, at least RAN Repeat-Associated non-ATG translation (RAN) is known to be involved in the important expression of all frames of the G-quadruplex forming hexanucleotide expansion of a GGGGCC repeat in what had until recently been considered the 5′ UTR of the mRNA for C9orf72 that is key to the disruption of nucleocytoplasmic transport in the motor neuron disease ALS (371,372).