The list contains 298 genes involved in e.g., drug metabolism or drug transport and 135 drug target genes, such as EGFR or BRAF. In summary, 1981 (41.7%) CpG sites within ADME genes and 1688 (39.3%) individual CpG sites within target gene regions were significantly (adjusted P < 0.05) differentially methylated between cell lines and primary ccRCC (see Volcano plot Fig. 3A). Here, EGFR is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.