S2 Table shows the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for obesity status (yes/no) associated with one standard deviation (SD) change in metabolites. The combined effects of these positively associated metabolites on obesity were also statistically significant. Additional adjustments for insulin resistance and dietary intake of fat, protein, and total calories did not appreciably attenuate the observed associations (Table 2 and S2 Table). Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.