The precise mechanisms of how ALA may influence diabetes risk are unknown, but there is evidence suggesting that ALA may induce insulin secretion through direct actions on G-protein receptors expressed in pancreatic β-cells and through stimulating enteroendocrine L-cells, as well as by enhancing insulin sensitivity through hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) related pathways [37]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.