AKT1 and benign meningioma: On the basis of recent whole genome-sequencing approaches [17,22,28,47,48,49,50], novel candidates in benign meningiomas have been identified which include: TRAF7 (the receptor-associated factor 7), KLF4 (Kruppel-like factor 4), AKT1 (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1) and SMO (Smoothened).