DDIT3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In addition, previous reports found that nobiletin associated with ER stress by upregulated expression of DDIT3 (DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3, also known as CHOP) and TRIB3 (tribbles homolog 3 protein, also known as TRB3) genes and proteins, which are well known to contribute to apoptosis caused by ER stress, in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma, HuH-7 human hepatoma, and 3Y1 rat fibroblast cell lines [15,16,17].