ATR and hepatocellular carcinoma: Deng LJ et al reported arenobufagin directly intercalated with DNA, leading to double-strand DNA breaks and triggering DNA damage response via the Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) /Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related(ATR) signaling pathway, which subsequently resulted in G2 phase cell cycle arrest of HCC cells[26].