LEP and Insulin resistance: Previous reports have also shown sex differences.[39,45] Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages including carbonated beverages was positively related to insulin resistance and higher plasma leptin concentrations in men.[39] Conversely, it was shown that the increase in consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks from childhood to adulthood was directly associated with body mass index in adulthood in women but not in men.[45] Further studies seems necessary to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the sex differences.