TF and infection: NETs were originally described as a defense mechanism against infection.[38] Recently, NETs have been associated with cancer-related thrombosis[39] and recently suggested to play a role in cancer-associated arterial microthrombosis, such as ischemic stroke.[40] Recently, TF-independent polyphosphate-dependent/factor XII-triggered coagulation mechanisms were reported to be associated with thrombosis in a prostate cancer model.[41]