Given that HNSCC cells exhibit aberrantly upregulated β-catenin signaling and DPAPGT1 expression concomitant with hyper-glycosylated E-cadherin and greatly diminished cell-cell adhesion, the effects of ICG-001 were more pronounced in these cells compared to normal MDCK cells, which maintain coordinate regulation of cell proliferation and adhesion, and do not rely much on the β-catenin/CBP branch of Wnt/ β-catenin signaling. Here, CDH1 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.