It is likely that IL-10, which can also be produced by melanoma cells51 and tumour-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells44 may favour immunoregulatory responses by inducing the downregulation of molecules involved in antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells52, by inducing regulatory T cells53, 54 and/or by supressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IFN-γ and IL-2 by T cells55. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.