KRAS and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In the last decade, the major advance in the treatment of NSCLC grew from the recognition that specific genetic alterations define subsets of NSCLC (Berge and Doebele 2014), such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation, with a number of drugs targeting such specific oncogenes.