Targeted deep sequencing was performed using the target gene panel consisting of 26 genes evidently or potentially associated with MDS (DNMT3A, TET2, EZH2, RUNX1, ASXL1, STAG2, CBL, TP53, SRSF2, SF3B1, U2AF1, LAMB4, DNMT1, ETV6, KRAS, NF1, NPM1, NRAS, PRPF8, IDH1, IDH2, JAK2, FLT3, SETBP1, ATRX, and ZRSR2) [10–14, 16–20]. This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and myelodysplastic syndrome.