The similarity in clinical presentations (fever, pallor, anorexia, malaise, weight loss, and hepatosplenomegaly) and laboratory findings (anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, low serum complement levels, high levels of inflammatory markers like ESR and CRP, and the presence of anti-dsDNA, C-ANCA, and P-ANCA) could therefore be misleading in differentiating VL from autoimmune diseases [10, 11]. This evidence concerns the gene PRTN3 and autoimmune disease.