On-going clinical trials testing anti-inflammatory therapies in patients with coronary atherosclerosis target inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α).4 Although these trials will bring valuable information on the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, it is clear that both pro-atherogenic and atheroprotective immune networks operate in this disease. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and coronary atherosclerosis.