KDR and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: To create cellular disease models for vascular lesions, ADPKD- and control-iPSCs were differentiated into vascular endothelia and smooth muscle cells from sorted FLK1 (+) VE-cadherin (+) and FLK1 (+) VE-cadherin (−) cells on culture day 8, respectively, using our previously reported differentiation protocols (Fig. 2a)36, 37, 38.