INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: There was significant improvement in HbA1c (from 7.1 ± 0.4 to 6.8% ± 0.4%) among patients with T2DM. There was significant increase in insulin genic index (0.65 ± 0.29 to 1.23 ± 0.56) and decrease in proinsulin to insulin ratio (3.4 ± 1.8 to 2.1 ± 0.6) in healthy volunteers, indicating increased insulin secretion.