The specific aims were to: (1) determine the cross-sectional prevalence of CD-associated EMA and tTG antibodies in a cohort of children with type 1 diabetes; and (2) determine whether hemoglobin A1C (A1C), serum ferritin, age at onset of diabetes, duration of diabetes, gastrointestinal symptoms, body mass index, sex, Irish descent, and family history of CD are useful in predicting presence of CD-associated EMA and tTG antibodies in children with type 1 diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene TGM2 and diabetes mellitus.