Furthermore, by exploring the cell growth pathways such as through TSC-mTOR and PI3K-AKT signalling65, as well as the integrated stress response signalling that controls cell survival and death, it may be possible to design a strategy to promote survival of OLs and myelin repair in patients with TSC or, perhaps, the devastating central demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Here, MTOR is linked to tuberous sclerosis.