PRKAA1 and cardiac hypertrophy: In addition, the activation of AMPK protects against the development of cardiac hypertrophy or cardiac contractile dysfunction through mechanisms including (p‐70S6KThr389)‐(p‐elf4eSer209)‐(p‐4EBP1Thr46)‐mediated protein synthesis pathway or associated with AMPK‐mTORC1‐ULK1‐mediated autophagy (Zhang et al., 2008; Turdi et al., 2011; Guo & Ren, 2012).