Nuclear targeting of Akt also enhances kinase activity and the survival of cardiomyocytes (Shiraishi et al., 2004), and 17‐estradiol can attenuate cardiac hypertrophy by activating Akt1 (through phosphorylation at Ser473), which increases ANP production (Camper‐Kirby et al., 2001). The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is cardiac hypertrophy.