SAA1 and mastitis: Acute phase proteins are serum proteins which increase (or decrease) in concentration by over 25% following stimulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL6, and APP are now recognised as also being elevated in milk during mastitis.22 Haptoglobin (Hp) and mammary associated serum amyloid A3 (MSAA3), the isoform of SAA synthesised and secreted by the mammary epithelial cells are recognised as milk APP.