When stratified at the median, there was no significant difference in cancer-specific survival between patients with higher and lower pleural fluid OPN (median, 128 vs. 138 days; p = 0.773), VEGF (median, 127 vs. 147 days; p = 0.531), uPA (median, 128 vs. 145 days; p = 0.232), and PAI-1 (median, 178 vs. 108 days; p = 0.831) concentrations or uPA/PAI-1 ratio (median, 128 vs. 138 days; p = 0.710). The gene discussed is SPP1; the disease is cancer.