CCN2 and dilated cardiomyopathy: We have recently shown that blockade of CHST15 by siRNA repressed cardiac fibrosis in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy through suppressing multiple mediators associated with cardiac remodeling such as interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1/CCL2, collagen type 1 and 3, MMP-2, MMP-9, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), TGF-ß and TGF-ß activated kinase (TAK)-1 [17].