Besides their capacity to support tissue homeostasis and function, MSC-derived molecules attenuate inflammatory diseases, like TGF-β1 alleviating experimental colitis [6], or the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 inducing polarisation of macrophages into the ”non-inflammatory” M2 phenotype, thus attenuating inflammation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [25]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.