Notably, the intracellular signal pathways (p < 0.08), including the MAPK pathway and the p53 pathway, clearly bridge the two gene groups, which validates previous studies that protein kinases mediating extracellular stimulations to intracellular responses play essential roles in ischemic pathologic conditions and that inhibitors of these pathways would be promising therapeutic agents for stroke treatment54. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is stroke disorder.