CSF2 and melanoma: In the randomized phase 3 OPTiM study, intralesional talimogene laherparepvec improved the primary endpoint of durable response rate (DRR; defined as complete response [CR] or partial response [PR] lasting continuously for ≥6 months) from 2% to 16% (p < .0001), compared to subcutaneous GM‐CSF in patients with stage IIIB/IIIC/IV melanoma that was not surgically resectable.