S100B and HIV-1 infection: In addition, the influence of CTL selection was most apparent in nef as a) six infants showed significantly stronger selection in CTL+ vs. CTL− regions compared to three across gag, and b) the overall association between CTL selection and favourable clinical outcome resulted in higher LRT scores in nef compared to gag. This observation probably reflects the early targeting of nef by CTL responses as seen in both adult HIV-1 infection and in SIV infection.