The critical roles of CXCL13 and CXCR5+ cells in the pathogenesis of LN are also evidenced by studies of anti-CXCL13 neutralizing antibodies in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice and CXCR5-deficiency in B6/lpr lupus-prone mice [31, 32]. Here, CXCL13 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.