An international, multicentre trial conducted in 9 international sites and involving 36 patients with T1D, showed that 44 % achieved an insulin independence with adequate glycaemic control 1 year after the final transplantation (5 of them for 2 years), 28 % had partial function, and 28 % had complete graft loss 1 year after the final transplantation [3]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.