IL6 and Miyoshi myopathy: It had previously been shown that IL-6 production in the bone marrow microenvironment is important for the acquisition of resistance phenotypes by the plasma cells,20, 37, 38 with evidence for a role in bortezomib-induced resistance.39 We therefore investigated IL-6 expression by BMMSCs, and observed significant increased transcription of IL-6 mRNA (Figure 3c), which led to enhanced secretion into the medium from primary cells from patients with MGUS and MM (Figure 3d).