AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: When these factors were evaluated by a multivariate model using forward selection, AFP, PVTT, GPR, tumor size, and blood transfusion were significantly associated with HCC OS (HR = 1.991, 95% CI = 1.179–3.178, P = 0.002; HR = 2.173, 95% CI = 1.471–3.198, P < 0.001; HR = 2.734, 95% CI = 1.681–3.832, P < 0.001; HR = 1.785, 95% CI = 1.178–3.426, P = 0.039; and HR = 1.734, 95% CI = 1.041–3.829, P = 0.015, respectively) (Table 2).