To clarify the major roles of neutrophils and macrophages/monocytes in tissue hypoxia and EPO upregulation at the late time (24 h) during acute peritonitis, anti-Ly6G antibody and clodronate liposomes were used together to deplete peritoneal neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages in WT-zymA mice (Supplementary Fig. 3b). The gene discussed is EPO; the disease is peritonitis.