HGF and lung cancer: Moreover, all the effects of growth factors (EGF, HGF, and IGF-1) and PGE2 on phospho-IKKα/βS176/180, phospho-NF-κB p65S536, COX-2, Snail as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, MMP-2 and migration/invasion of the lung cancer were attenuated by upregulation of PATZ1 (Figure 4).