After 48 h of co-culture with PBMC, CML MSCs showed up-regulation of IL6 (54.3±23, p = 0.003), TGFβ (4.8±3, p = 0.04) and IL10 (5.6±2.8, p = 0.03) expression (Fig 3B), suggesting that multiple mechanisms are involved in MDSC induction by CML MSC. Here, TGFB1 is linked to chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.