Despite a great variability among patients, we found a significant up-regulation of IL6 (5±2.8, p = 0.04), COX2 (19±4.4, p = 0.04) and TGFβ (6±3, p = 0.01) by CML-MSC compared to HD-ones (Fig 3A). This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.