Several studies have shown MBL2 SNPs of promoter and exonic region regulate the MBL2 serum levels in different autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases, including HIV infection, leishmaniasis, leprosy, malaria, schistosomiasis, tuberculosis and trypanosomiasis (Madsen et al. 1995; Summerfield et al. 1995; Garred et al. 1997; Kelly et al. 2000; Klabunde et al. 2000; Jack and Turner 2003; IP et al. 2005; Garred et al. 2006; Alonso et al. 2007). This evidence concerns the gene MBL2 and leishmaniasis.